Data Communication And Networks Trial Communication Network
Such systems are often called data communications networks. Forouzan (9780073376226) Preview the textbook, purchase or get a FREE instructor-only desk.Data communications is the movement of computer information from one point to another by means of electrical or optical transmission systems. With the use of proprietary digital communication networks in industries over the past decade led to improve end-to-end digital signal accuracy and integrity.Data Communications and Networking, 5th Edition by Behrouz A. An industrial communication network is a backbone for any automation system architecture as it has been providing a powerful means of data exchange, data controllability, and flexibility to connect various devices.
They also provide message transfer services to allow computer users to talk to one another via electronic mail, chat, and video streaming. Data communications networks facilitate more efficient use of computers and improve the day-to-day control of a business by providing faster information flow. In general, data communications networks collect data from microcomputers and other devices and transmit that data to a central server that is a more powerful microcomputer, minicomputer, or mainframe, or they perform the reverse process, or some combination of the two.
Each address name has two parts, the computer name and its domain. 9 marks 6.Internet address names are strictly controlled otherwise, someone could add a computer to the Internet that had the same address as another computer. Discuss various transmission impairments and how they may affect the information carrying capacity of a communication link. Differentiate between a protocol and an interface in regard to data communication 4 marks 5. Discuss it with different transmission media. Performance of network depends on the channel.
Preprocessing can be a simple.Data Communications and Networks uses a top-down, Internet-focussed approach to tackle the problem of communication system design. Before analysing any data this data usually needs to be preprocessed. Each problem in data science is based on data. Domain names areIntroduction. For example, the main university Web server at Indiana University (IU) is called whereas the Web server for the Kelley School of Business at IU is Since the Internet began in the United States, the American address board was the first to assign domain names to indicate types of organization. Some computer names have several parts separated by periods, so some addresses have the format com-puter.computer.computer.domain.
It is typically a copper wire, although fiber-optic cable and wireless transmission are becoming common. It typically provides users with access to the network and the data and software on the server.The circuit is the pathway through which the messages travel. In client-server computing, several servers may work together over the network with a client computer to support the business application.The client is the input-output hardware device at the user’s end of a communication circuit. Both the server and client also need special-purpose network software that enables them to communicate.The server (or host computer) stores data or software that can be accessed by the clients. For example, Australia uses EDU to indicate academic institutions, so an address such as xyz.edu.au would indicate an Australian university.For a full list of domain names, see Components of a NetworkThere are three basic hardware components for a data communications network: a server or host computer (e.g., microcomputer, mainframe), a client (e.g., microcomputer, terminal), and a circuit (e.g., cable, modem) over which messages flow. Some international domain names areNew top-level domains that focus on specific types of businesses continue to be introduced, such asFor professionals, such as accountants and lawyersMany international domains structure their addresses in much the same way as the United States does.
In this network, messages move through the hub to and from the computers. Such networks are called peer-to-peer networks because the computers function as equals, rather than relying on a central server or host computer to store the needed data and software.Figure 1.1 shows a small network that has four microcomputers (clients) connected by a hub and cables (circuit). Some networks are designed to connect a set of similar computers that share their data and software with each other.
The Web server stores documents and graphics that can be accessed from any Web browser, such as Internet Explorer. The print server, which is connected to a printer, manages all printing requests from the clients on the network. The file server stores data and software that can be used by computers on the network. Although one server can perform many functions, networks are often designed so that a separate computer is used to provide different services. The router enables computers on this network to communicate with computers on other networks (e.g., the Internet).The network in Figure 1.1 has three servers. The router is a special device that connects two or more networks.
The distinctions among these are becoming blurry. Figure 1.2 illustrates four types of networks: local area networks (LANs), backbone networks (BNs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). One of the most common ways is to look at the geographic scope of the network. Types of NetworksThere are many different ways to categorize networks. Servers are usually microcomputers (often more powerful than the other microcomputers on the network) but may be minicomputers or mainframes.
The third diagram in Figure 1.2 shows a MAN connecting the BNs at several military and government complexes in Sacramento.Figure 1.2 The hierarchical relationship of a local area network (LAN) to a backbone network (BN) to a metropolitan area network (MAN) to a wide area network (WAN)Some organizations develop their own MANs using technologies similar to those of BNs. MANs typically span between three and 30 miles. The second diagram in Figure 1.2 shows a BN that connects the LANs located in several buildings at McClellan Air Force Base.A metropolitan area network (MAN) connects LANs and BNs located in different areas to each other and to WANs.
MANs are discussed in detail in next topic.Wide area networks (WANs) connect BNs and MANs (see Figure 1.2). With these MANs, data transmission rates typically range from 64,000 bits per second (64 Kbps) to 100 Mbps, although newer technologies provide data rates of 10 billion bits per second (10 gigabits per second, 10 Gbps). More commonly, organizations use public data networks provided by common carriers (e.g., the telephone company) as their MANs. Unless an organization has a continuing need to transfer large amounts of data, this type of MAN is usually too expensive.
Sometimes an intranet is provided by a completely separate Web server hidden from the Internet. For example, although some pages on a Web server may be open to the public and accessible by anyone on the Internet, some pages may be on an intranet and therefore hidden from those who connect to the Web server from the Internet at large. An intranet is a LAN that uses the same technologies as the Internet (e.g., Web servers, Java, HTML ) but is open to only those inside the organization. WAN circuits provided by IXCs come in all types and sizes but typically span hundreds or thousands of miles and provide data transmission rates from 64 Kbps to 10 Gbps.Two other common terms are intranets and extranets. Instead, most organizations lease circuits from IXCs (e.g., AT&T, MCI, Sprint) and use those to transmit their data.
It can provide access to information services, inventories, and other internal organizational databases that are provided only to customers, suppliers, or those who have paid for access.
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